Abdominal Pain

Treating upper and lower abdominal pain

An upset stomach is no fun. How to treat it? First identify which of the hundreds of possible causes might be responsible for it.

Likely Culprits

Some of the most frequently occurring causes of abdominal pain include the following. Many are serious. All should be evaluated by a doctor if the pain does not quickly subside:

Gas is the most common cause of abdominal pain. The body produces chemicals to break down food. Sometimes these chemicals produce gas. Too much gas results in painful sensations and bloating.
Constipation is when feces inside the colon becomes too dry.

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Heartburn is the result of food mixed with stomach acid pushing through the lower esophageal sphincter and back into your esophagus.
Ulcers, which are lesions or holes on the mucous membranes of the intestinal tract, are caused by exposure to digestive acids.
Food poisoning occurs when harmful bacteria invade the body via food or water.
Irritable bowel syndrome, characterized by abdominal pain plus erratic bowel function, is usually worsened by emotional stress.
Appendicitis, inflammation of the appendix, causes some incidents of lower abdominal pain. Doctors will usually conduct surgery to remove it.
Acute pancreatitis, inflammation of the pancreas, is a cause of many cases of upper abdominal pain. It can have severe complications in some cases and may require surgery.
Chronic functional abdominal pain, on the other hand, has no known cause. Some doctors believe it to be a disorder of the nervous system; the nerves that register sensations in the stomach are hypersensitive and translate even normal stomach activity as extremely painful.

Treating Abdominal Pain

Mild-to-moderate abdominal pain is treatable with over-the-counter medicines. For example, heartburn sufferers can take Pepsid AC. More severe cases merit a doctor's prescription. Women suffering from severe irritable bowel syndrome might receive prescriptions for Zelnorm. The drug does not yield much benefit for male patients (Few patients of either gender use in the United States, however; it was withdrawn from U.S. markets in 2007 and since then has been used only in emergency cases).

Pain relievers can ease chronic stomach pains. They are not to be used too frequently, however, since they can wear down stomach linings. Health practitioners advise patients to also use relaxation, yoga and meditation techniques to ease tensions and distract themselves from the painful sensations.